Table of Contents - 5 Summary - 7 Preface - 15 1 Introduction - 17 1.1 Background and motivation - 17 1.2 Aims, core question and limitations - 19 1.3 Research approach and structure of the report - 20 2 The European Union and religion - 27 2.1 Introduction - 27 2.2 The values of the Union - 27 2.3 Religion in the European member states - 31 2.4 Conclusion - 40 3 Turkish Islam and the European Union - 47 3.1 Introduction - 47 3.2 The secular state: historical foundations - 47 3.3 Secular state and political Islam - 51 3.4 State-Islam and freedom of religion - 54 3.5 Democracy and political Islam - 57 3.6 Constitutional state and political Islam - 60 3.7 Violence and political Islam - 64 3.8 Conclusion - 66 4 Conclusions - 69 Epilogue - 75 Literature - 79 Searching for the Fault-Line. Survey by E.J. Zürcher and H. van der Linden - 85 1 Introduction: Turkey – fault-line, frontline or test case? - 89 2 Turkey’s current Islamic landscape - 95 3 Turkish Islam and the eu: A clash of civilisations? - 149 4 Conclusion: Turkish Islam and European civilisation - 171 Literature - 173 Websites - 176