Preface - 10
Contents - 12
General Introd uction - 24
About this book - 24
Reality, consciousness, and language - 39
The theory of symbols - 50
Method - 64
Part 1 - 74
Ch.1: The symbol of conscience - 76
Ch. 2: Between symbol and doctrine: the conceptualization of conscience untill the early Middle Ages - 124
Ch.3: Between symbol and doctrine: differentiation and doctrinalization - the religious conscience before and after the Reformation - 172
Ch. 4: Between symbol and doctrine: the first wave of criticism - the seventeenth century - 204
Ch. 5:Between symbol and doctrine: Conscience grounded in Nature and Reason - 230
Ch. 6: Between symbol and doctrine: the second wave of criticism - the nineteenth century - 286
Ch. 7: Twentieth-century concepts of conscience - 316
Ch. 8: A fluid concept of conscience - 346
Part 2- 382
Transition to part 2 - 384
Ch. 9: Conscience and freedom of conscience - 390
Ch. 10: The problem of order - 400
Ch. 11: Between idealism and pragmatism - 438
Ch. 12: Solutions to the problem of order - 460
Part 3 - 482
Transition to part 3: Conscientious objection - 484
Ch. 13: Identifying conscientious objections - 490
Ch. 14: Conscie
Ch. 15: Two case studies - 550
Ch. 16: Philosophical foundations of conscientious objection - 590
Concluding remarks - 599
References - 604
Samenvatting (Dutch summary) - 632