In the 1950s, socialist Yugoslavia pioneered new global solidarities by sending engineers, economists, and doctors to places like Syria, Ethiopia, and Sudan to develop postcolonial economies and solidify state sovereignty. However, the work of international development also produced profound changes back in Yugoslavia. Using novel sources to connect the local and the global scales of Yugoslavia’s Non-aligned politics, The Business of Solidarity reverses conventional Cold-War directionalities of influence in examining how the global development aid economy shaped identities and institutions on Europe’s socialist periphery. With a focus on the fields of education and healthcare, the book’s chapters detail how Yugoslav colleges and hospitals came to marketize networks of development aid for revenue generation in times of economic crisis in the 1970s and 1980s. In doing so, The Business of Solidarity charts the evolution of Yugoslav development solidarity from postcolonial state-building in the 1950s to commercialized exchange by the 1980s.