Table of Contents - 8 Preface and Acknowledgements - 12 Acaddemic and Religious Freedom: An Introduction - 14 Part One: Academic Freedom and the Study of religion - 30 1. Academic Freedom and Competing Authorities: Historical Reflections - 32 2. Freedom of Thought and the Authority of Tradition in Modern Jewisg Philosophy: The Cases of Spinoza and Mendelssohn - 48 3. Academic Freedom and the Symbolic Significance of Evolution - 60 4. The Dismissal of A.J. Wensinck from the Royal Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo - 92 5. The Historical Method of Biblical Interpretation: Its Nature, Use, Origin and Limitations - 136 6. Trial of Thought: Modern Inquisition in Egypt A Case Study - 154 7. Academic Freedom in Islamic Studies and the Surveillance by Muslim Activists in Indonesia - 180 8. Historians of Religion as Agents of Religious Change - 196 9. A Passing Storm or a Structural Shift? Challenges to Academic Freedom in the United States After September 11 - 220 10. In the Wake of the Cartoon Crisis: Freedom of Expression of Academics in Denmark - 244 Part Two: The Academic Training of Muslim Clergy n Europe - 276 11. History of the Institutionalized Training of Imams in Bosnia-Herzegovina - 278 12. The Training of Imams by the Third Reich - 334 13. The Academic Training of Imams Recent Discussions and Initiatives in the Netherlands - 370 14. Non-Formal Islamic Higher Education in the Netherlands: With Some Comparative Notes on France and the United Kingdom - 404 15. Islamic Religious Pedagogy at the University of Vienna - 428 16. Legitimizing Islamic Theology at European Universities - 446 17. The Training Programme of Immams in Italy - 470 Index - 486 Contributors - 500