National holidays were among the most ambitious tools the new Czechoslovak state employed in its attempt to forge loyalty among a diverse population after 1918. This volume offers the first comprehensive examination of how ordinary citizens, officials, and political elites alike constructed, contested, and lived the interwar republic's political calendar whose celebrations ranged from Independence Day through the Feast of Saints Cyril and Methodius and Saint Wenceslas, to May Day. Drawing on numerous primary sources, the contributors demonstrate how state-sponsored commemorations sought to translate the political narrative of a unified Czechoslovak nation into everyday ritual, even as they excluded or provoked many of the non-national peoples. The book also analyzes alternative and resistance celebrations that flourished outside, and often against, the official calendar, revealing the limits of Czechoslovak state-building alongside its successes.