Courts worldwide are increasingly asked to resolve disputes that turn on bioethical questions: the moral status of embryos, the use of artificial reproductive technologies, or the boundaries of bodily autonomy. Yet the relationship between bioethics and judicial reasoning remains poorly understood. This volume examines how bioethical principles enter court decisions, identifying four distinct modes of interaction between the two fields and the challenges judges face in addressing scientific and moral complexity without specialist training. Drawing on case law from the European Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union, Brazil, South Africa, and Malaysia, the book traces a broader shift from judicial avoidance to more active engagement with bioethics. Bringing together leading legal and bioethical scholars, this timely collection offers the first sustained account of how courts across legal traditions navigate the widening gap between biomedical innovation and existing law, and the moral environment in which both operate. Amid the erosion of the rules-based international order, bioethics can help courts strengthen the humanistic approach in health care and biomedical research.