Recalling Protestant missionary work among Jews and assistance to Jewish refugees before the war, Dr. Hegeman dissects the various positions taken by the clergy during World War II. He discusses the clergy’s resistance documents and analyzes the morality used. The result is a unique portrayal of the clergy’s struggle with conscience as they faced Nazi persecution of Jews during the war. The plight of the Jews who belonged to the churches is addressed. This study is the first comprehensive English-language treatment of the attitudes of Dutch Protestant clergy toward the Jews in the period before and during World War II.